I never allow myself to have an opinion on anything unless I know the other side's argument better than they do.

Know the other side better than they do

Most of us think we're pretty good at understanding opposing views. We've heard the counterargument, maybe rolled our eyes at it, and moved on. But Munger is describing something much rarer: actually sitting with the strongest version of someone else's position until you could defend it better than they could themselves. It's uncomfortable because it means you can't just collect talking points or dismiss ideas quickly.

What makes this actually radical in daily life is that it flips how we normally form opinions. We start with what we believe, then hunt for evidence supporting it. Munger suggests doing the reverse: learn the case against yourself so thoroughly that you understand its logic, its hidden strengths, its real appeal to smart people who hold it. Only then do you have permission to disagree—and only then does your agreement with your own position actually mean something.

The practical payoff isn't about becoming wishy-washy or treating all sides as equally valid. It's that your actual opinions become sharper and more durable. You're not defending a gut feeling anymore; you're choosing a position you've genuinely tested. That's rare enough that when someone does it, their words tend to carry real weight.