1880 - 1936
Oswald Spengler was a German historian and philosopher, best known for his work "The Decline of the West," published in two volumes in 1918 and 1922. In this influential text, he proposed a cyclical theory of the rise and fall of civilizations, arguing that cultures have a life cycle similar to that of living organisms. Spengler's ideas have sparked extensive debate and critique in the fields of history, sociology, and philosophy.